Yeah, I believe what the Quran says, [rather] than scientific proof. Muslims frequently described science and their religion as related, rather than separate, concepts. They often said that their holy text, the Quran, contains many elements of science. The Muslims interviewed also said that Islam and science are often trying to describe similar things. The Muslims interviewed offered a wide variety of opinions about the nature of the relationship between science and religion, and whether the two are harmonious or conflicting.
Some described science and Islam as compatible overall. Others qualified their statement by saying that science is compatible with religion, but the actions of individual scientists can be problematic. I think there is not any conflict between them. Still others described the relationship as conflictual. Another interviewee said scientists typically do not consider the views of religious people when conducting their research.
When asked, many of the Muslims interviewed identified specific areas of scientific research that bothered them on religious grounds.
Representative surveys of Muslims in countries around the world find variation in the share of Muslims who see any conflict between science and religion, although this share is less than half in most countries surveyed. The predominant view among Hindus interviewed in Malaysia and Singapore is that science and Hinduism are related and compatible. Many of the Hindu interviewees offered — without prompting— the assertion that their religion contains many ancient insights that have been upheld by modern science.
For instance, multiple interviewees described the use of turmeric in cleansing solutions, or the use of copper in drinking mugs. For example, it is said that drinking water from a copper container is very good. This has been proven by the ancestors many years ago.
But now only these scientific people come out and say that it is good to use it. Why would you need to restrict yourself from information or knowledge?
Because Hinduism is based on knowledge. While many of the Hindu interviewees said science and religion overlap, others described the two as separate realms.
Science should just be science. A few mentioned areas of research that concerned them, but no topic area came up consistently.
The sense that Hindus generally see little conflict with science aligns with survey findings to date. Buddhist interviewees described science and religion in distinctly different ways than either Muslims or Hindus. For the most part, Buddhists said that science and religion are two unrelated domains. Some have long held that Buddhism and its practice are aligned with the empirically driven observations in the scientific method ; connections between Buddhism and science have been bolstered by neuroscience research into the effects of Buddhist meditation at the core of the mindfulness movement.
And science is more practical, but Buddhism is theoretical. It is not conflicting. Religion is more of something you cannot see, you cannot touch, you cannot hear. I feel like they are different faculties.
To many of the Buddhist interviewees, science and religion cannot be in conflict, because they are different or parallel realms. Therefore, the Malaysian and Singaporean Buddhists largely described the relationship between science and religion as one of compatibility. Science to me is statistics, numbers, texts — something you can see, you can touch, you can hear.
Indeed, even when prompted to think about potential areas of scientific research that raised concerns for religious reasons, relatively few of the Buddhists mentioned any. Among those who did cite a concern, a common response involved animal testing.
Buddhist interviewees talked about the importance of not killing living things in the practice of their religion, so some felt that research that causes harm or death to animals is worrisome.
The tenor of these comments is consistent with survey findings from the Wellcome Global Monitor. However, these results should be interpreted with extra caution because there were just Malaysian Buddhists in the survey sample. For comparison, representative surveys of Christians around the world also find widely ranging views about whether religion and science have ever disagreed or are generally in conflict.
Christians see little conflict between science and their faith. This survey also provides a window into the kinds of things that Christians see as a conflict between science and religion.
Christians who saw a conflict between science and their religious beliefs. Evolution raised areas of disagreement for many Muslim interviewees, who often said the theory of evolution is incompatible with the Islamic tenet that humans were created by Allah.
Evolution is also a common, though by no means universal, friction point for Christians. By contrast, neither Buddhist interviewees, followers of a religion with no creator figure, nor Hindu interviewees, followers of a polytheistic faith, described discord with evolution either in their personal beliefs or in their views of how evolution comports with their religion.
When asked about the theory of evolution, Muslim interviewees generally talked about conflict between the theory of evolution and their religious beliefs about the origins of human life — specifically, the belief that God created humans in their present form, and that all humans are descended from Adam and Eve.
Based on Western theory, they said we came from monkeys. For me, if we evolved from monkeys, where could we get the stories of [the prophet] Nabi? Was Nabi Muhammad like a monkey in the past? For me, he was human. I believe that Nabi Adam is the first human in the world. The Hinduism religion has a belief of reincarnation, meaning that after one dies they are reborn. When it comes to the Hinduism diet there are varying beliefs. Due to a lack of scriptural documentation there are varied ideologies.
Some Hindus are purely vegetarians, whereas others only eat non-vegetarian foods on Mondays, Tuesdays, Saturdays, Chathurthis, Ekadashis and celebrations of festivals. When it comes to medication, Hindu patients may not be given medicine that has been derived from cows, pigs or other animals.
Samayika is often practised in a religious setting, such as a temple, before a monk, or in one's home. Most Jains reside in Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Christianity is the third most followed religion in India, mostly concentrated in the far south and Mumbai.
Converts to Christianity have come mainly from traditionally disadvantaged minorities such as lower castes and tribal groups. Create your own Cultural Atlas with bookmarks, collections and a unified, searchable interface. Join over organisations already creating a better workplace. You can download this cultural profile in an easy-to-read PDF format that can be printed out and accessed at any time.
The figure of the total population of each country is drawn from the global estimates listed in the CIA World Factbook , unless otherwise stated. All other statistical information on the demographics of the migrant population in Australia is based on the Australian Housing and Population Census.
Indian Culture. Core Concepts. Hinduism in India Hinduism — the most widely followed religion in India — can be interpreted diversely. Daily Life Hinduism continues to thrive in modern-day India. Islam in India Islam is the second most followed religion in India, influencing the country's society, culture, architecture and artistry.
Sikhism in India Originating in India, Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that promotes devotion to a formless God. Jainism in India Jainism also originated as a countermovement that opposed some of the teachings and doctrines of early Hinduism. Christianity in India Christianity is the third most followed religion in India, mostly concentrated in the far south and Mumbai. Dates of Significance. The om symbol is composed of three Sanskrit letters and represents three sounds a, u and m , which when combined are considered a sacred sound.
The om symbol is often found at family shrines and in Hindu temples. The primary sacred texts, known as the Vedas, were composed around B. This collection of verses and hymns was written in Sanskrit and contains revelations received by ancient saints and sages. Most scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between B.
But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed. Around B. Rituals, such as sacrifices and chanting, were common in the Vedic Period. Hindus began to emphasize the worship of deities, especially Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. The concept of dharma was introduced in new texts, and other faiths, such as Buddhism and Jainism, spread rapidly.
Hinduism and Buddhism have many similarities. Buddhism, in fact, arose out of Hinduism, and both believe in reincarnation, karma and that a life of devotion and honor is a path to salvation and enlightenment. But some key differences exist between the two religions: Buddhism rejects the caste system of Hinduism, and does away with the rituals, the priesthood and the gods that are integral to the Hindu faith.
The Medieval Period of Hinduism lasted from about to A. New texts emerged, and poet-saints recorded their spiritual sentiments during this time.
In the 7th century, Muslim Arabs began invading areas in India. During parts of the Muslim Period, which lasted from about to , Islamic rulers prevented Hindus from worshipping their deities, and some temples were destroyed.
Indian statesman and activist Mahatma Gandhi, Between and , the British controlled India. At first, the new rulers allowed Hindus to practice their religion without interference.
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