These elements are setting, lighting, staging, costumes, and make-up. Staging refers to the blocking and physical action of a character. At the beginning of the movie, you get to know something about the character and the time period. In the beginning of Cyrano de Bergerac , the viewer sees the costume that Cyrano had on, along with what the interior setting of a theatre was like during the seventeenth century. The interior setting at the beginning of Detour is a diner.
The diner is staged with the type of people, like truck drivers, who frequent that sort of restaurant when on the road travelling. We will take a more in-depth follow-up look at mise-en-scene in the production chapters of directing Chapter Five , cinematography Chapter Six , and editing Chapter Seven to see how mise-en-scene is used by these areas of production to express a character and to further the story.
Different aspects of sound enhance the character and story, making the movie a complete experience. Sound in a movie includes dialogue, music, sound effects, ambient noise, or background noise and soundtracks. Sound has always been around—even for silent movies. During the silent movie period, musical accompaniment was provided in theatres.
Dialogue is a conversation between at least two characters in a movie to exchange ideas and resolve a problem. Dialogue is an important aspect of the sound in the movie.
Even during the silent movie period there was dialogue. However, the dialogue was written on silent movie dialogue cards. Music, whether referring to the musical score at the beginning and end of the movie, along with background music to set the tone and atmosphere of a scene, assist in leading the viewer through a complete movie experience.
The music may also be symbolic of the personality of the character and the action he or she is going through at any particular time in the movie. Sound effects, according to dictionary. These sounds heighten the action of the movie, and it heightens the interest in the characters to see what will happen to them next.
Ambient noises provide realism to a scene, giving naturalism to the area that the character is in during a particular time of the movie. Soundtracks are musical accompaniment for a movie, such as a popular song or songs and music from the movie. The soundtrack could have a song expressing the background or a specific characteristic of the character.
The soundtrack could also have music that is expressive of the story. With the different aspects of sound expressing different features of the characters and the situation the characters are in, sound progresses the story and plot. We will take a more in-depth follow-up look at sound in the production chapters of directing Chapter Five , editing Chapter Seven , and sound Chapter Eight to see how sound is used by these areas of production to enhance the character and progress the story of the movie.
This brief discussion of the character outlines the complexity in building and developing a character in a movie that is going to last on an average of minutes. As we have read in previous chapters, a lot of action occurs in a movie, and the characters have to stay consistent with the construction of the movie. This is why the exposition is a very delicate part, but an extremely important part, of the story, because the main characters and their backgrounds have to be introduced.
But the introduction cannot take too long because the audience will lose interest in the movie. And, as the audience gets more and more involved with the characters and their story, the audience becomes more wrapped up in the movie resulting in an enjoyable experience for them. Remember—with the theme, the purpose of the movie has been established. The next question is: Do the characters work well together? Are the characters friends, enemies, or do they work together?
Is this a good combination to form a good relationship and an interesting movie? The last question is: Is the story different enough that the characters and their actions weave an interesting tapestry to make movie viewers interested in them for at least 90 minutes? In this contemporary period, are the potential actions of the characters and the weaving of the story interesting enough in these movies?
Did the movie follow the format in an interesting manner? After taking a beginning look and discussing the characters, what stands out as being the most important: story, plot, narrative structure, setting, or characters? What stands out as being the most memorable? What do you go to the movies for? Are you interested enough in the characters that you want to see what happens to them?
If you are interested in seeing what happens to the characters that is a positive sign too. If you are ready to leave the movie theatre, then the movie is not for you. As previously outlined in an earlier chapter, the movie action between the conflict and the climax is referred to as rising action. The action between the climax and the resolution is the falling action. Rising action is not always rising. It is more of an up-and-down motion, because the main characters have setbacks and have to start over.
Characters are the essence of a movie. One of the three areas may often be predominant over the others and is affected more by the story, but all have to be developed to give depth to the character.
The characters have to work well together to keep the audience interested, along with dialogue worth listening to and action worth watching. The story helps a great deal with bringing this to fruition, allowing the characters to interact with one another, and to develop logically to the climax and resolution of the movie.
In this way, the audience gets caught up in the movie and wants to watch more. As a result, there has been a rising trend among modern documentaries, where they no longer represent reality quite as objectively or truthfully as before.
Hence, the purpose and formal definition of documentaries have since evolved. Sometimes, portions of footage in a documentary are fictionalized to an extent, such as re-enactments, dramatizations, and even scripted interviews. This has led to new subgenres known as docufiction or docudrama. These can take the form of satirical films in the style of a documentary, made for entertainment purposes, or a tongue-in-cheek social commentary of a given topic.
Most of this is done through editing footage to create a misrepresentation of reality either by featuring them out of context to change the original meaning, complete omission of important scenes and facts, or some other manipulation that causes an inaccuracy in the depiction of real events and subject matters. One controversial documentary filmmaker that perpetrates this corruption of the documentary genre is Michael Moore. While both of these movies are considered documentaries because all clips are non-fictional, they were heavily edited and put together to convey a different meaning to the original context and intent.
Therefore, Moore's documentaries have an imposed personal bias on the facts of the subject matter, and thus, the interpretation of information has been intentionally changed to mislead audiences. A Narrative Film is a motion picture that centers around a fictional or fictionalized story and can take place in a real-world or fantasy world setting. They are also known as fiction films or fictional films because the identifying characteristic of a narrative film is that the story is either entirely non-factual or is an exaggerated version of something that happened in the real world involving real people.
In the latter case, re-enactments of real events are scripted and performed by actors. Narrative theory developed by Bulgarian literary theorist Tzvetan Todorov states that the basic structure consists of the following:. Follows the quest or journey of the main characters to overcome the disruption or solve the problem. Although Todorov strongly suggested that narratives would have a chronological order, events can be presented to the audience out of sequence in a non-linear narrative.
Narratives may also be single or multi-strand. This means that the story could either focus on one central character on their journey or multiple main characters in separate subplots that may or may not converge to the overall arc. In general, each character, their interactions, and the series of events that unfold all contribute to driving the narrative forward. As film has developed over the years, filmmakers have utilized the visual aspect of motion picture by including symbolism and other observable thematic elements to aid in conveying pertinent components of the story to the audience.
The majority of Hollywood feature films are narrative films. They can be further broken down into various film genres, all with specific characteristics. Some primary genres include romance, sci-fi, fantasy, westerns, film noir, and musicals, each with subcategories and hybrid genres.
Many reputable academics, theorists, and documentary filmmakers have weighed in on how a documentary should be defined. What's more, the genre itself has seen an evolution over time, causing even more ambiguity. John Grierson was a Scottish trailblazing documentary maker, often considered the founding father of British and Canadian documentaries. In fact, he was the first to coin the term "documentary" during a review of Robert Flaherty's Moana Blue Miracle.
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